2000-06-19
Characterization of Snowmobile Particulate Emissions 2000-01-2003
The primary goal of this project was to characterize particulate emissions from a snowmobile engine through measurement of particulate matter volatile organic fraction (VOF), particle size, and biological activity. Emissions were evaluated using both a mineral oil and a biosynthetic oil. Basic criteria pollutants were also measured from diluted exhaust using conventional techniques. Particulate matter volatile organic fraction was determined using a gas chromatographic method (DFI/GC). Particle size was characterized using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), and particulate matter biological activity was measured using a modification of the Ames bioassay procedure.
Results revealed that more than 99 percent of the particles were ultrafine (Dp<100nm), with a peak concentration in the nanoparticle (Dp<50nm) size range. It was also observed that the use of a biosynthetic lubricant increased both volatile and total PM mass emissions compared to the mineral lubricant. Bioassay results showed that snowmobile particulate is mutagenic.
SAE MOBILUS
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TECHNICAL PAPER
The Influence of an Oxidation Catalytic Converter on the Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Diesel Exhaust Emissions
940241
TECHNICAL PAPER
Multigrade Gear Lubricants in Truck Fleet Testing—Analysis for Fuel Economy Effects
810178
BOOK
Clean Snowmobile Challenge - 1: The Early Years, 4-Stroke Engines Make Their Debut
