Regulated and Unregulated Emissions of a Euro 4 SUV Operated with Diesel and Soy-based Biodiesel Blends
Date Published: 2009-11-02
Paper Number:2009-01-2690
DOI: 10.4271/2009-01-2690
Citation:
Karavalakis, G., Stournas, S., Ampatzoglou, D., Bakeas, E. et al., "Regulated and Unregulated Emissions of a Euro 4 SUV Operated with Diesel and Soy-based Biodiesel Blends," SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2(2):115-131, 2010, doi:10.4271/2009-01-2690.
In this study, regulated, unregulated exhaust emissions and fuel consumption with ultra low sulphur diesel and soy-based biodiesel blends at proportions of 10 and 30% v/v have been investigated. A Euro 4 compliant SUV, equipped with a 2.2 litre common-rail diesel engine and an oxidation catalyst was tested on a chassis dynamometer with constant volume sampling (CVS) technique. Emission and fuel consumption measurements were performed over the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and the non-legislated Artemis driving cycles which simulate urban, rural, and highway driving conditions in Europe. The regulated pollutants were characterized by determined NO
x
, PM, CO, and HC. CO
2
was also quantified in the exhaust. Overall, 16 PAHs, 4 nitro-PAHs, 6 oxy-PAHs, 13 carbonyl compounds and particulate alkanes ranged from C
13
to C
35
were determined in the exhaust. The experimental results showed that the addition of biodiesel decreased the emissions of PM, CO and HC and increased NO
x
emissions during real-world driving. CO
2
emissions and fuel consumption followed similar patterns and increased. Carbonyl compounds were increased for all fuel/cycle combinations. PAH emissions were found to decrease with biodiesel, with some exemptions in certain compounds. An increase was observed on the straight-chain alkanes composition with biodiesel over all driving cycles.
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