Analysis of Combustion and Particulate Emissions when Hydrogen is Aspirated into a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine
Date Published: 2010-04-12
Paper Number:2010-01-0580
DOI: 10.4271/2010-01-0580
Citation:
Stone, R., Zhao, H., and Zhou, L., "Analysis of Combustion and Particulate Emissions when Hydrogen is Aspirated into a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-0580, 2010, doi:10.4271/2010-01-0580.
A single cylinder Gasoline Direct Injection Engine (GDI) engine with a centrally
mounted spray guided injection system (150 bar fuel pressure) has been operated
with stoichiometric and rich mixtures. The base fuel was 65% iso-octane and 35%
toluene; hydrogen was aspirated into a plenum in the induction system, and its
equivalence ratios were set to 0, 0.02, 0.05 and 0.1. Ignition timing sweeps
were conducted for each operating point.
Combustion was speeded up by adding hydrogen as expected. In consequence the MBT
ignition advance was reduced, as were cycle-by-cycle variations in combustion.
Adding hydrogen led to the expected reduction in IMEP as the engine was operated
at a fixed manifold absolute pressure (MAP). An engine model has also been
set-up using WAVE.
Particulate Matter (PM) emissions were measured with a Cambustion DMS500 particle
sizer. The effect of ignition timing on the PM emissions was marked - retarding
the ignition led to a substantial reduction in the PM number emissions,
especially for the nucleation mode. Overall, retarding the ignition could lead
to more than an order of magnitude reduction in particle number for
stoichiometric combustion. For the MBT ignition timing, adding a hydrogen
equivalence ratio of 0.1 led to more than an order of magnitude reduction in
both the PM number and mass for stoichiometric and rich (lambda = 0.9)
combustion.
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