Impact of GHG-Phase II and Ultra Low NOx on the Base Powertrain 2017-01-1925

With the implementation of EURO VI and similar emission legislation, the industry assumed the pace and stringency of new legislation would be reduced in the future. The latest announcements of proposed and implemented legislation steps show that future legislation will be even more stringent. The currently leading announced legislation, which concerns a large number of global manufacturers, is the legislation from the United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the California Air Resources Board (CARB). Both announced new legislation for CO2, Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Phase II. CARB is also planning additional Ultra Low NOx regulations. Both regulations are significant and will require a number of technologies to be used in order to achieve the challenging limits.

AVL published some engine related measures to address these legislation steps. With regard to CO₂, the upcoming legislation cannot be achieved without significant technology steps in both the powertrain and the vehicle. The present publication addresses how to fill the gap between the feasible fuel consumption improvement on the engine and the vehicle targets.

Significant fuel consumption improvements can be gained by improving the energy management and auxiliary losses of the commercial vehicle under real driving conditions and utilizing advanced or off-cycle technology credits for the regulated certification method. In addition, the control of more flexible components can be connected to information outside of the powertrain, and used for predictive thermal management and predictive shifting. The thermal management improvement may also include the recovery of waste heat for propulsion.

This publication introduces the available technologies and rates their potentials for implementation for the said legislation steps. Additionally, as a result of the evaluation, a concept of a future truck powertrain will be shown.

Truck OEMs will need to make their decisions on technology road maps based on the market penetration of different truck applications. This paper will also describe the AVL Attribute Balancing methodology to develop such technology road maps in a virtual environment