About 40 papers treating multilayer insulations were studied and compared. Most of these papers present heat transfer measurements in addition to thermal analysis. Here the equations are given which are required for an evaluation of the measurements and in particular for comparisons. Equations are presented which are required to predict the influences of the packing density, temperatures, fraction of perforation area and interstitial pressure. The equation giving gas conductivity versus pressure is modified according to measurements.
In space the interstitial pressure is usually below 0.01 Pa und the heat transfer can be expressed as the sum of a conductive and a radiative term. The equation finally proposed for spacecraft permits to consider the influence of temperature, number of layers, blanket size and perforation area.
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