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The Multi Material Lightweight Vehicle (MMLV) developed by Magna International and Ford Motor Company is a result of a US Department of Energy (DOE) project DE-EE0005574. The project demonstrates the lightweighting potential of a five passenger sedan, while achieving frontal crash test performance comparable to the baseline vehicle. Prototype vehicles were manufactured and limited full vehicle testing was conducted. The Mach-I vehicle design, comprised of commercially available materials and production processes, achieved a 364 kg (23.5%) full vehicle mass reduction, enabling the application of a 1.0 liter three-cylinder engine, leading to the potential for reduced environmental impact and improved fuel economy.

The Multi Material Lightweight Vehicle (MMLV) developed by Magna International and Ford Motor Company is a result of a US Department of Energy project DE-EE0005574. The project demonstrates the lightweighting potential of a five passenger sedan, while maintaining vehicle performance and occupant safety. Prototype vehicles were manufactured and limited full vehicle testing was conducted. The Mach-I vehicle design, comprised of commercially available materials and production processes, achieved a 364kg (23.5%) full vehicle mass reduction, enabling the application of a 1.0-liter three-cylinder engine resulting in a significant environmental benefit and fuel reduction. This paper reviews the mass reduction and structural performance of aluminum, magnesium, and steel components for a lightweight multi material door design for a C/D segment passenger vehicle. Stiffness, durability, and crash requirements are assessed.

The Multi Material Lightweight Vehicle (MMLV) developed by Magna International and Ford Motor Company is a result of a US Department of Energy project DE-EE0005574. The project demonstrates the lightweighting potential of a five passenger sedan, while maintaining vehicle performance and occupant safety. Prototype vehicles were manufactured and limited full vehicle testing was conducted. The Mach-I vehicle design, comprised of commercially available materials and production processes, achieved a 364kg (23.5%) full vehicle mass reduction, enabling the application of a 1.0-liter three-cylinder engine resulting in a significant environmental benefit and fuel reduction. The Regulation requirements such as the 2020 CAFE (Corporate Average Fuel Economy) standard, growing public demand, and increased fuel prices are pushing auto manufacturers worldwide to increase fuel economy through incorporation of lightweight materials in newly-designed vehicle structures.

The Multi Material Lightweight Vehicle (MMLV) developed by Magna International and Ford Motor Company is a result of a US Department of Energy project DE-EE0005574. The project demonstrates the lightweighting potential of a five passenger sedan, while maintaining vehicle performance and occupant safety. Prototype vehicles were manufactured and limited full vehicle testing was conducted. The MMLV vehicle design, comprised of commercially available materials and production processes, achieved a 364kg (23.5%) full vehicle mass reduction, enabling the application of a 1.0-liter three-cylinder engine resulting in a significant environmental benefit and fuel reduction. This paper describes the concept design, prototyping, and validation for interior subsystems of the MMLV. Case studies are presented for two of the interior subsystems: the instrument panel/cross-car beam (IP/CCB) and the front seat structures.

The Multi Material Lightweight Vehicle (MMLV) developed by Magna International and Ford Motor Company is a result of a US Department of Energy project DE-EE0005574. The project demonstrates the lightweighting potential of a five passenger sedan, while maintaining vehicle performance and occupant safety. Prototype vehicles were manufactured and limited full vehicle testing was conducted. The Mach-1 vehicle design, comprised of commercially available materials and production processes, achieved a 364 kg (23.5%) full vehicle mass reduction, enabling the application of a 1-liter 3-cylinder engine resulting in a significant environmental benefit and fuel reduction. This paper includes details associated with the noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) sound package design and testing. Lightweight design actions on radiating panels enclosing the vehicle cabin typically cause vehicle interior acoustic degradation due to the reduction of panel surface mass.

The Multi Material Lightweight Vehicle (MMLV) developed by Magna International and Ford Motor Company is a result of a US Department of Energy project DE-EE0005574. The project demonstrates the lightweighting potential of a five passenger sedan, while maintaining vehicle performance, occupant safety and utility of the baseline production vehicle. Prototype vehicles were manufactured and limited full vehicle testing was conducted. The MMLV vehicle design, comprised of commercially available materials and production processes, achieved a 364kg (23.5%) full vehicle mass reduction, enabling the application of a 1.0-liter three-cylinder engine, resulting in a significant environmental benefit and fuel reduction. This paper includes details associated with the MMLV project approach, mass reduction and environmental impact.

The Multi Material Lightweight Vehicle (MMLV) developed by Magna International and Ford Motor Company is a result of a US Department of Energy project DE-EE0005574. The project demonstrates the lightweighting potential of a five passenger sedan, while maintaining vehicle performance and occupant safety. Prototype vehicles were manufactured and limited full vehicle testing was conducted. The MMLV vehicle design, comprised of commercially available materials and production processes, achieved a 364kg (23.5%) full vehicle mass reduction, enabling the application of a 1.0-liter three-cylinder engine resulting in a significant environmental benefit and fuel reduction. The three key requirements of structural performance evaluation for vehicle development are NVH, durability and safety.

MMT (methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl) is an antiknock additive for the unleaded gasoline that is now required for cars equipped with catalytic converters. Because of its effectiveness, MMT is economically attractive compared with achieving antiknock quality by refinery processing. This paper updates an earlier SAE paper. Whereas the earlier paper evaluated all aspects of MMT use as an antiknock, this paper is primarily limited to analysis of the possible effects of MMT on exhaust emissions, catalyst plugging, and spark plug life. The results of recent tests and a report on a fleet test currently in progress are included.

Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) is an octane-boosting gasoline additive that has been used for over 50 years. This usage has been controversial; particularly in modern gasoline vehicles equipped with advanced emissions control systems. There is concern that extended use of MMT will lead to build-up of Mn-containing deposits on engine and emissions system components, thereby adversely affecting vehicle emissions performance and durability. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the effects of MMT on gasoline vehicles, with an emphasis on modern, Tier 2 vehicles. Numerous test programs have been conducted - including wide ranges of vehicle model years, technology types, and testing conditions. The reported MMT effects over this body of literature are not consistent.

DURING ENGINE DYNO durability testing of oxidation catalysts, manganese deposition on the catalyst hot faces sufficient to affect catalyst performance for HC and CO conversions was observed. The severity of the problem is related to the MMT level in the fuel, the cell density of the catalyst's monolithic support, and engine aging time. The nature of manganese deposition in these studies and how it affects catalyst performance is explored. Apart from the MMT phenomenon, comparative studies of oxidation catalysts on conventional ceramic and high cell density, thin-wall metallic supports indicate that the latter offer significantly improved HC conversion durability.

Although the video-based vehicle detection technology has the merit of low-cost, there are two obvious shortages: one is that the recognition effect is greatly affected by the weather and ambient lighting, and the other is that the amount of video data is large that may lead to the extra processing time. Compared with video-based and lidar-based technologies, millimeter-wave radar has some unique advantages in vehicle detection:(1) Sending and receiving signals are not affected by weather and illumination, and can perform all-weather measurements; (2) The cost is much lower than lidar, that is suitable for popularization; (3) The data processing and power consumption are superior to the vehicle detection system based on video processing. Therefore, this paper chooses FMCW-based millimeter-wave radar to build a vehicle detection system at an intersection.

Airline operations today can be adversely affected by low visibility weather. When fog conditions occur, airlines are limited to certain operating minimums for landing and takeoff. Millimeter wave (MMW) radar systems are now demonstrating the ability to see in fog. Providing the pilot with a system to see through the fog may result in FAA certification to lower landing and takeoff minimums. This paper discusses the use of MMW radar technology to provide pilots with enhanced vision and enhanced situation awareness.

BORN during the aftermath of World War I, the nation's outstanding cooperative petroleum research organization has again enlisted in the service of the Army, Navy, and Government civilian agencies. Although both the type and the urgency of war time problems are unlike those of peace, the mechanism of the Coordinating Research Council, supported equally by the Society of Automotive Engineers and the American Petroleum Institute, has been geared to the task of solving the new problems with unprecedented speed. More than 150 technical working groups, scores of the world's finest petroleum laboratories, and the research facilities of the Government have been coordinated on problems requested of the CRC by the Armed Services. Intensive coordinated research in fuels and lubricants is demanded by the strenuous use of combat airplanes, military vehicles, and war vessels, wartime shipment and storage of fuels and lubricants and, shortages of certain critical petroleum products.

There are a large number of alternate approaches to duplicate human motion in the areas of virtual human performance and actual performance of human like robotic devices. Developed for specific purposes, the fidelity of such devices to actual human motion may vary considerably. The authors present a predetermined time system as an easy to learn and apply metric for evaluating the relationship of various devices to human performance. The paper will explain the use of the predetermined system, how such a system could be used as a metric for evaluating robotic activities, and some of the considerations when the simulations of task activity are compared to human performance.