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This paper discusses the features and systems of a new compact skid steer loader. Special features of the new loader are a single member lift arm and worm gear wheel drives. The general systems of the machine will be discussed along with the special PTO option.

In 1976 an agricultural production energy conservation project was initiated by Kansas State University and the University of Nebraska. The main objective of the program was to develop a model fuel conservation program. This paper is a report of the results of the project relating to field operations. Results indicated that farmers are interested in saving fuel. The farmers who cooperated in collecting fuel consumption data indicated that fuel record keeping made them much more aware of energy costs for individual operations. Practice of currently available energy conservation technology results in significant energy savings. The field demonstrations used were highly successful in showing farmers exactly how to accomplish several conservation techniques. Industry can have a very important part in solving the energy-food production problem. Increased emphasis on engine efficiency is needed.

The principle of exhaust gas turbocharging is known for more than 70 years. Only since a few years turbocharging is applied successfully to gasoline engines respectively to engines for passenger cars. Mainly a poor throttle response and an unsatisfactory acceleration characteristic prevented turbocharging from general use. The paper deals with the application of turbocharging for racing and passenger car engines. It is reported on the problems, improvements, and Porsche's experiences. The future chances of turbocharging with regard to exhaust emissions and fuel economy are discussed.

In Medical Aspects of Energy Absorption, a review of medical injury mechanisms are discussed in practical terms. The nationwide adoption of the Abbreviated Injury Scale, derived from the original meetings of the Ad Hoc Injury Severity Committee in the late sixties and early seventies, have led to the more sophisticated and better defined injury severity scale. The statistical review of many automotive accidents are now performed well away from the field investigators and thus have led the people to code and analyze the injuries without really knowing the case and the mechanism by which the injuries were sustained. This paper concentrates mainly on the head, neck, thorax and abdomen. Although serious, permanent injuries and occasional fatal injuries can develop later due to trauma to either the upper or lower extremities, this paper deals with direct trauma and the more complex injuries of the upper torso and head of the victim.

The author candidly relates the development of the automobile diesel from his perspective as an active participant of almost fifty years. Anecdotes about people and companies are recorded for the first time. Problems and successes of the past, as well as areas of future concern are detailed. This first of an expected series on automotive diesel engines brings into focus the state-of-the-art of one alternative to the spark ignition engine.

The Model 4-210 Field Boss is the latest articulated four-wheel drive tractor to be manufactured by the White Farm Equipment Company. A major objective in its design was to incorporate the improved features of White's new large two-wheel drive tractors by using as many common components as possible. The paper discusses how this was achieved and presents an overall description of the tractor.

The X77 Hydrostatic Research Vehicle was completed in the present form during 1977 and officially presented at the International Agricultural Fair in Verona (Italy). This paper reviews some of the major design concepts, features and specifications for this new vehicle. In this context, particular emphasis is applied in presenting favorable aspects of an integral hydrostatic power transmission in the light and perspective of actual and potential transmission controls. Problem areas and development options of this approach are also discussed.

This paper describes the development of a pull type mover for moving palletless cotton modules. The design requirements, design solutions and operating characteristics are described.

This paper describes the design and development of a new line of John Deere semi-integral moldboard plows. The major features of the new plows are described in the body of the paper.

This paper discusses the control of hydraulic noise along the vibration and pressure ripple transmission paths. The basic theories of structureborne and fluidborne noise control are discussed. The examples include quantitative results.

The automotive field is in a state of a permanent evolution. Yesterday, mechanical drives were the only solution. Today, Hydrostatics offers new possibilities to the designers. This paper reviews the technical and economical reasons why the concepts of: High Pressure hydrostatic systems (5 to 6000 PSI) High Torque Low Speed hydraulic motors wheel motors multiflow fixed displacement pumps, contribute to higher vehicle performance then represent the ideal solution for the market of tomorrow.

A design concept has been evolved for the configuration of heavy duty transmissions through the building-block approach. The functional characteristics inherent in vehicular transmissions are configured by integrating the requisite modules to meet the operational requirements of drive trains for commercial vehicles and off-highway wheeled and tracked vehicles. The functional modules envisaged provide for total interchangeability within a preselected drive train power handling range and the transmission system configurations provide for flexible, compatible and custom-built drive train packages.

A new torque converter transmission has been designed and developed for our worldwide industrial tractors in the 55 to 81 horsepower range. This paper discusses the design goals, clutch design, general transmission features, hydraulic circuitry and production testing procedures.

Different types of removal criteria for wire rope appear in standards and regulations that are applicable to wire rope using equipment. Criteria most commonly used is based on visible broken wires. Recent tests conducted by the wire rope industry have provided data regarding remaining strength at the point when a wire rope reaches the removal criteria. Data has also been developed to investigate the relationship between remaining service life from the point where removal criteria is reached to actual rope failure. This test data will be of interest and value to all persons concerned with wire rope; designer, user, and inspector.

This paper deals with the preponderance of different regulations in the European community. The author gives design guidelines for new cranes, which if observed in the design stages, can greatly simplify modifying the crane at some later date in order to sell in Europe.

Retrofit noise controls were developed to reduce the noise exposure of the operator of a large Army forklift truck. Various noise sources were studied and modified. The overall success of the program determined by the reduction achievable in hydraulic system noise reaching the operator by airborne, fluid-borne and structure-borne paths. Practical retrofit modifications to reduce hydraulic system noise included component replacement, introduction of flexible fluid lines, vibration isolation and vibration damping. The overall noise at the operator's ear was reduced by 15 dB(A) without the use of a cab and by 22 dB(A) with a cab.

The requirement for reliable, precise positioning of functions with remote actuation promoted the development of a pressure compensated electro-hydraulic proportional flow control valve. Lower horsepower consumption, contamination insensitivity, built-in position feedback, and manual operation in case of an emergency were the prime design criteria. These concepts are discussed in this paper and along with the advantages of utilizing these concepts in typical mobile hydraulic circuits.

The vibration characteristics of hydraulic piston pumps and other pertinent vibration sources are given to guide in designing pump vibrationisolation mountings. Mount configuration recommendations and design data are provided to simplify the design effort.

This paper deals with the reasons for and the development of an internal combustion engine with an immediately hydraulic output. After looking at some of the advantages to be gained from such an engine, the following considerations are then discussed: a hydraulic substitute for the conventional flywheel; quick, efficient starting and stopping; converting a declining combustion pressure into a constant hydraulic pressure; operation over a range of system pressure; interface with a hydrostatic transmission, and energy storage and regeneration.

The operation of hydraulic valves with air controls can provide flexibility and economy of installation, and increase safety and reduce fatigue for the operator.