Since 1965, several advanced propeller designs have achieved industry-wide acceptance and represent significant gains in performance, weight, reliability, and maintainability. Continuing research and development on materials, design concepts, aerodynamics, and noise technology have indicated the potential for early attainment of another round of equally significant propeller gains. This paper describes the current and planned technology programs, defines the targeted propeller gains, and attempts to translate these into equivalent improvements in V/STOL mission effectiveness.