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MMARS (Moon/MArs-base Resource Simulator) is a computer program that automatically generates quantitative summaries of the physical resources (components and facilities) required for normal operation of a planned planetary base or other large project. The user enters a small set of base task descriptors which define the goal or purpose of the base, and the program automatically adds all components, facilities, and functions needed to support that task. And because the support components added also generate a need for support themselves (any component may require power, or labor to operate, for example), MMARS continues, in recursive fashion, to add components and facilities to support the growing list of components and facilities, until the demand for new resources no longer increases.

An all aluminum cylinder block with a Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) cylinder bore was developed which made it possible to re-design the base engine for high performance with a bore-to-bore distance as narrow as 5.5mm. The cylinder block is an open deck type and the MMC preform consists of alumina-silica fibers and mulite particles. A laminar flow die cast process was selected to ensure defect-free MMC bore quality. To insure good lubrication, electrochemical machining was applied to the bore surface. By use of radioisotope(RI) measurements, MMC reinforcement was optimized for wear characteristics. Particular attention was paid to use of fuels with high sulfur levels.

A new type of Aluminum piston has been developed to meet the stringent emissions and durability requirements of high output Diesel engines for the 1990's. The successful application of Metal Matrix Composite reinforcements to the superior combination of production squeeze casting and single-axis turning provides a solution for most of the identifiable problems of this class of engines, e.g.- increased peak pressures, improved K factor & improved oil economy. A simultaneous design/manufacturing/quality approach insured the reliability and cost effectiveness of this concept compared with other potential solutions.

The concepts of the Thought Lean applied to the Movement of Materials in all the Supply Chain through the MMF, a structuralized Methodology: 4 Stages of the MMF: PFEP - Plan Will be Every Part. It is a Logistic Plan for Each Part through one I register in cadastre only of all items with data of engineering, process, logistic, purchases and expedition. This can more allow better to analysis and taking of decisions with integrated data. Market of bought parts - management of the materials Allows better and prevents redundant points of storage for the company. Routes of supplying - the resources of supplying the lines between the staff of the logistic one and the production optimize. They eliminate stops for lacks of components and reduces losses of space for unnecessary storages. Signaling to pull - they are systems of management of the information to assure that the consumed parts will be replenished

The Multi Material Lightweight Vehicle (MMLV), developed by Magna International and Ford Motor Company, is a result of US Department of Energy project DE-EE0005574. The project demonstrated the lightweighting potential of a five-passenger sedan while maintaining vehicle performance and occupant safety. Prototype vehicles were manufactured and limited full-vehicle testing was conducted. The Mach-I vehicle design, comprised of commercially-available materials and production processes, achieved a 364 kg (23.5%) full-vehicle mass reduction. This resulted in environmental benefits and fuel economy improvements. A significant factor in the overall MMLV mass reduction was the decrease in the powertrain system weight from 340 kg (conventional) to 267 kg (MMLV). This enabled the application of a 1.0-liter three-cylinder engine as the main powerplant. By downsizing the engine, and by implementing material changes within the engine, the weight of the dressed engine was lowered by 29 kg.

This paper details the lightweighting efforts of the Ford Research & Advanced Transmission team as part of the Multi Material Lightweight Vehicle Project. The Multi Material Lightweight Vehicle (MMLV) developed by Magna International and Ford Motor Company is a result of a US Department of Energy project DE-EE0005574. The project demonstrates the lightweighting potential of a five passenger sedan, while maintaining vehicle performance and occupant safety. Prototype vehicles were manufactured and limited full vehicle testing was conducted. The Mach-I vehicle design, comprised of commercially available materials and production processes, achieved a 364kg (23.5%) full vehicle mass reduction, enabling the application of a 1.0-liter three cylinder engine resulting in a significant environmental benefits and fuel consumption reduction.

While weight reduction in automotive design and manufacturing has been on-going for several years, in the area of powertrain technology lightweighting has been a difficult challenge to overcome due to functional requirements, as well as material and manufacturing constraints. The Multi Material Lightweight Vehicle (MMLV) developed by Magna International and Ford Motor Company is a result of US Department of Energy project DE-EE0005574. The project demonstrates the lightweighting potential of a five passenger sedan, while maintaining vehicle performance and occupant safety. Prototype vehicles were manufactured and limited full vehicle testing was conducted. The Mach-I vehicle design, comprised of commercially available materials and production processes, achieved a 364kg (23.5%) full vehicle mass reduction, enabling the application of a 1.0-liter three-cylinder engine resulting in a significant environmental benefit and fuel reduction.

The Multi Material Lightweight Vehicle (MMLV) developed by Magna International and Ford Motor Company is a result of a US Department of Energy project DE-EE0005574. The project demonstrates the lightweighting potential of a five passenger sedan, while maintaining vehicle performance and occupant safety. Prototype vehicles were manufactured and limited full vehicle testing was conducted. The Mach-I vehicle design, comprised of commercially available materials and production processes, achieved a 364kg (23.5%) full vehicle mass reduction, enabling the application of a 1.0-liter three-cylinder engine resulting in a significant environmental benefits and fuel consumption reduction. As part of this project, several automotive chassis components were selected for development and evaluation on the MMLV C/D segment passenger sedan.

The Multi Material Lightweight Vehicle (MMLV) developed by Magna International and Ford Motor Company was a result of a US Department of Energy project DE-EE0005574. The project demonstrated the lightweighting potential of a five passenger sedan while maintaining vehicle performance and occupant safety. Prototype vehicles were manufactured and limited full vehicle testing was conducted. The Mach-I vehicle design, comprised of commercially available materials and production processes, achieved a 364 kg (23.5%) full vehicle mass reduction, enabling the application of a 1.0-liter three cylinder engine resulting in significant environmental benefit and increased fuel economy. This paper includes details of the materials, surface treatments and assembly processes for the two MMLV prototype corrosion vehicles. Two corrosion mitigation strategies are documented.

The Multi Material Lightweight Vehicle (MMLV) developed by Magna International and Ford Motor Company is a result of a US Department of Energy (DOE) project DE-EE0005574. The project demonstrates the lightweighting potential of a five passenger sedan, while achieving frontal crash test performance comparable to the baseline vehicle. Prototype vehicles were manufactured and limited full vehicle testing was conducted. The Mach-I vehicle design, comprised of commercially available materials and production processes, achieved a 364 kg (23.5%) full vehicle mass reduction, enabling the application of a 1.0 liter three-cylinder engine, leading to the potential for reduced environmental impact and improved fuel economy.

The Multi Material Lightweight Vehicle (MMLV) developed by Magna International and Ford Motor Company is a result of a US Department of Energy project DE-EE0005574. The project demonstrates the lightweighting potential of a five passenger sedan, while maintaining vehicle performance and occupant safety. Prototype vehicles were manufactured and limited full vehicle testing was conducted. The Mach-I vehicle design, comprised of commercially available materials and production processes, achieved a 364kg (23.5%) full vehicle mass reduction, enabling the application of a 1.0-liter three-cylinder engine resulting in a significant environmental benefit and fuel reduction. This paper reviews the mass reduction and structural performance of aluminum, magnesium, and steel components for a lightweight multi material door design for a C/D segment passenger vehicle. Stiffness, durability, and crash requirements are assessed.

The Multi Material Lightweight Vehicle (MMLV) developed by Magna International and Ford Motor Company is a result of a US Department of Energy project DE-EE0005574. The project demonstrates the lightweighting potential of a five passenger sedan, while maintaining vehicle performance and occupant safety. Prototype vehicles were manufactured and limited full vehicle testing was conducted. The Mach-I vehicle design, comprised of commercially available materials and production processes, achieved a 364kg (23.5%) full vehicle mass reduction, enabling the application of a 1.0-liter three-cylinder engine resulting in a significant environmental benefit and fuel reduction. The Regulation requirements such as the 2020 CAFE (Corporate Average Fuel Economy) standard, growing public demand, and increased fuel prices are pushing auto manufacturers worldwide to increase fuel economy through incorporation of lightweight materials in newly-designed vehicle structures.

The Multi Material Lightweight Vehicle (MMLV) developed by Magna International and Ford Motor Company is a result of a US Department of Energy project DE-EE0005574. The project demonstrates the lightweighting potential of a five passenger sedan, while maintaining vehicle performance and occupant safety. Prototype vehicles were manufactured and limited full vehicle testing was conducted. The MMLV vehicle design, comprised of commercially available materials and production processes, achieved a 364kg (23.5%) full vehicle mass reduction, enabling the application of a 1.0-liter three-cylinder engine resulting in a significant environmental benefit and fuel reduction. This paper describes the concept design, prototyping, and validation for interior subsystems of the MMLV. Case studies are presented for two of the interior subsystems: the instrument panel/cross-car beam (IP/CCB) and the front seat structures.

The Multi Material Lightweight Vehicle (MMLV) developed by Magna International and Ford Motor Company is a result of a US Department of Energy project DE-EE0005574. The project demonstrates the lightweighting potential of a five passenger sedan, while maintaining vehicle performance and occupant safety. Prototype vehicles were manufactured and limited full vehicle testing was conducted. The Mach-1 vehicle design, comprised of commercially available materials and production processes, achieved a 364 kg (23.5%) full vehicle mass reduction, enabling the application of a 1-liter 3-cylinder engine resulting in a significant environmental benefit and fuel reduction. This paper includes details associated with the noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) sound package design and testing. Lightweight design actions on radiating panels enclosing the vehicle cabin typically cause vehicle interior acoustic degradation due to the reduction of panel surface mass.

The Multi Material Lightweight Vehicle (MMLV) developed by Magna International and Ford Motor Company is a result of a US Department of Energy project DE-EE0005574. The project demonstrates the lightweighting potential of a five passenger sedan, while maintaining vehicle performance, occupant safety and utility of the baseline production vehicle. Prototype vehicles were manufactured and limited full vehicle testing was conducted. The MMLV vehicle design, comprised of commercially available materials and production processes, achieved a 364kg (23.5%) full vehicle mass reduction, enabling the application of a 1.0-liter three-cylinder engine, resulting in a significant environmental benefit and fuel reduction. This paper includes details associated with the MMLV project approach, mass reduction and environmental impact.

The Multi Material Lightweight Vehicle (MMLV) developed by Magna International and Ford Motor Company is a result of a US Department of Energy project DE-EE0005574. The project demonstrates the lightweighting potential of a five passenger sedan, while maintaining vehicle performance and occupant safety. Prototype vehicles were manufactured and limited full vehicle testing was conducted. The MMLV vehicle design, comprised of commercially available materials and production processes, achieved a 364kg (23.5%) full vehicle mass reduction, enabling the application of a 1.0-liter three-cylinder engine resulting in a significant environmental benefit and fuel reduction. The three key requirements of structural performance evaluation for vehicle development are NVH, durability and safety.

MMT (methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl) is an antiknock additive for the unleaded gasoline that is now required for cars equipped with catalytic converters. Because of its effectiveness, MMT is economically attractive compared with achieving antiknock quality by refinery processing. This paper updates an earlier SAE paper. Whereas the earlier paper evaluated all aspects of MMT use as an antiknock, this paper is primarily limited to analysis of the possible effects of MMT on exhaust emissions, catalyst plugging, and spark plug life. The results of recent tests and a report on a fleet test currently in progress are included.

Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) is an octane-boosting gasoline additive that has been used for over 50 years. This usage has been controversial; particularly in modern gasoline vehicles equipped with advanced emissions control systems. There is concern that extended use of MMT will lead to build-up of Mn-containing deposits on engine and emissions system components, thereby adversely affecting vehicle emissions performance and durability. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the effects of MMT on gasoline vehicles, with an emphasis on modern, Tier 2 vehicles. Numerous test programs have been conducted - including wide ranges of vehicle model years, technology types, and testing conditions. The reported MMT effects over this body of literature are not consistent.

DURING ENGINE DYNO durability testing of oxidation catalysts, manganese deposition on the catalyst hot faces sufficient to affect catalyst performance for HC and CO conversions was observed. The severity of the problem is related to the MMT level in the fuel, the cell density of the catalyst's monolithic support, and engine aging time. The nature of manganese deposition in these studies and how it affects catalyst performance is explored. Apart from the MMT phenomenon, comparative studies of oxidation catalysts on conventional ceramic and high cell density, thin-wall metallic supports indicate that the latter offer significantly improved HC conversion durability.

Although the video-based vehicle detection technology has the merit of low-cost, there are two obvious shortages: one is that the recognition effect is greatly affected by the weather and ambient lighting, and the other is that the amount of video data is large that may lead to the extra processing time. Compared with video-based and lidar-based technologies, millimeter-wave radar has some unique advantages in vehicle detection:(1) Sending and receiving signals are not affected by weather and illumination, and can perform all-weather measurements; (2) The cost is much lower than lidar, that is suitable for popularization; (3) The data processing and power consumption are superior to the vehicle detection system based on video processing. Therefore, this paper chooses FMCW-based millimeter-wave radar to build a vehicle detection system at an intersection.