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With increase in number of EVs on Indian roads, poised EV makers to produce innovative and pragmatic concept of electric vehicle features. The concept of bidirectional charging is one of that and which is creating buzz and curiosity among EV buyers. The bidirectional charging enables EV owners to lend the power to grid, other vehicles or use for other auxiliary applications. This paper focuses on idea of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) level 1, level 2 AC charging using J1772 standard, and level 3 DC fast charging using ISO 15118 or DIN 70121. where one user can lend a range of few kilometers to other based on requirement as a helping hand. This paper proposes a new idea which enable vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) charging using ISO 15118, DIN70121 and J1772 protocol. In V2V charging, source vehicle shall function as a mobile charging source (EVSE) and other shall function as a sink (EV).

An advanced high speed hydraulic system consisting of a special ram and hardware digital controller is described with which a hot wire anemometer has been flown across the bore of a motored spark ignition engine. The only access to the engine was a single 3mm diameter hole and thus the engine modifications required for this measurement technique ate minimised. The velocity imposed by the ram system enabled the spatial turbulent structure to be measured with the advantage of an imposed ‘mean flow’, which makes confident analysis of the data possible. Using a novel learning procedure, the required hot wire trajectories can be followed with great accuracy and repeatability. Some results are presented from the engine as well as a simple method for reliable hot wire calibration.

Automobile headlamps are highly controlled products that must meet various performance standards to be commercialized. The combination of the bulb and lens must emit acceptable color and light output. Commercially available headlamps use different types of bulbs but usually a clear or slightly tinted lens. In the past few years, high performance bulbs have been used. These are known as HID or xenon lamps and are characterized by their bluer color compared to standard halogen bulbs. This paper explores some of the possibilities that new lens material can offer in terms of design and aesthetics with little or no impact on lighting performance as tested per the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J1383 [1]. Light stability of these new lens materials is also discussed.

The rapid development of gas turbines raises a problem of waste heat, that is, finding ways to recover the energy lost. This paper discusses air preheating as one method, using direct heat to exchanger converters. The paper introduces a new design of gas turbine, the SCDGT, for automotive applications, and gives details of its characteristics, development, test performance, and other pertinent specifications. It is shown how more torque is produced with less fuel consumption by this unit, and comparisons are made among gasoline, diesel, and SCDGT performances. Indications are that the turbine described here has many prospects as power units for civilian, commercial, and military uses because of its unique design, economy, and high torque range.

In a 1998 SAE presentation Richard Stroud of Delco Electronics showed that ‘more’ of anything related to audio (loudness, equalization, et. al.) is often considered to be ‘better’ by untrained listeners1 This paper discusses the human mechanisms that influence the effect and concludes that independent professional evaluation is the best alternative for preserving quality of listening evaluations.

An indepth study to reduce noise produced by a typical highway diesel truck is being conducted to determine levels and costs attainable by practical means. Truck noise reduction involves isolating several individual noise sources, that is, fan, exhaust, engine-radiated, intake system, and others, and developing means to reduce each. Tire noise and major engine revisions are not considered in this project. Goals of 78 dB(A) (per SAE J366a) without engine enclosure and 75 dB(A) with engine enclosure are believed possible on the vehicle configuration being studied. This project is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Transportation Office of Noise Abatement, and industry.

This paper sheds light on the participation of US Airlines in the Gulf airlift operations in conjunction with the Military Airlift Command (MAC).

The Extra-vehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) is currently in its 24th year of service; with plans to support Extra-vehicular Activity (EVA) needs through the year 2020 if so required. The tremendously successful history of this space suit is a credit to the original designers and manufacturers who built an extremely robust system. The design, largely unchanged since it's inception in the early 80's, has stood the test of time in supporting multiple missions and operating out of multiple vehicles. Currently the EMU is being used in an unprecedented number of EVAs to assemble and maintain the International Space Station. The EMU has provided NASA a wealth of information with regards to designing, sustaining, maintaining, and operating a low earth orbit (LEO) space suit. Over the years the EVA program has faced numerous design challenges and requirement changes associated with operation of the EMU which have resulted in several improvements and a few known issues.

In many companies and corporations, a number of very good ideas never reach fruition, even after a substantial investment in time and money. Can corporations afford to squander such assets…or is it a result many other forces and variables that inadvertently conspire to failure? The Vibration Advisor Expert System is one of these great ideas with a significant amount of time and money invested and a proven functionality that didn't make it. This paper will describe the project and offer for discussion and thought, some of the reasons for implementation failure. It was the right tool at the right time - but it did not benefit the Corporation.

The ultimate goal of reliability engineering is to prevent design failure modes in the field. Effective design verification can be a powerful tool toward achieving this goal. Reducing development time, minimizing cost, and improving quality are further challenges which drive effective design verification. This paper explains the key steps required to develop an effective design verification plan and report (DVP&R). In addition, lessons learned will be discussed using specific examples of undesirable practices. Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) verification phase requirements are also examined.

President Bush’s recent announcement of the Exploration Initiative dictates manned bases on the Moon and eventually Mars. A ground swell of credible privately funded space projects is also reaffirming the notion that was for a time taken for granted but in recent years has seemed further and further from being realized – that humans will live permanently in space. A human mission to Mars, or a base on the Moon or Mars is a lengthier more complex mission than any space endeavor undertaken to date. Simulation Based Acquisition is a fundamental part of preparing for such a mission. Ground simulations provide a relevant, analogous environment for testing technologies and learning how to manage complex, long duration missions, while addressing inherent mission risks.

The paper presents an overview of the performance of Army technology during Operation Desert Storm. Contributions of smart munitions such as HELLFIRE, of the Government research and development community, and the aerospace community are described. Notable examples of these are included. While the emphasis is upon missile system related technology, some conclusions that were deduced by the larger DOD community are presented to provide insight into what is envisioned for future operations.

NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope was designed for periodic servicing by Space Shuttle astronauts performing extravehicular activities (EVAs), to service, maintain, repair, and upgrade the telescope. Through three successful servicing missions to date, EVA processes have been developed by applying a series of important lessons learned. These lessons learned are also applicable to many other future human spaceflight and robotic missions, such as International Space Station, satellite retrieval and servicing, and long-duration spaceflight. HST has become NASA’s pathfinder for observatories, EVA development, and EVA mission execution.

Model based development promises to facilitate the development of embedded control systems, including design, early verification and validation as well as implementation. Existing tools are beginning to support the development of distributed control systems. There are however still challenges when it comes to integration with mechanics and methodologies for such interdisciplinary systems.

The adhesive selection and surface treatment investigations for the Primary Adhesively Bonded Structures Technology (PABST) Program, Air Force contract F33615-75-C-3016, include several tests for environmental resistance and durability. During the performance of these tests, several lessons were learned about the characteristics of behavior of the adhesives, surface treatments, and the resultant bonded structure. The surface treatments proved to be fragile and easily damaged and contaminated when not protected by an adhesive primer system. Not all surface treatment systems provide an optimum environment resistance when processed in a normal production facility. The type of carrier used in the adhesive affects the durability of the system. Constant and cycled-stressed testing of adhesive-bonded specimens in an environment can define adhesive characteristics and bond line properties better than static unstressed exposure. Tests include wedge crack, lap shear, and double cantilever beam.

Advanced binocular Helmet Mounted Displays (HMD) capable of bisensor operation (I2 tubes and video images) with overlaid symbology have been developed for military use in various helicopters. Extensive flight testing of such helmets, as the French TOPOWL®, have provided so far a considerable amount of data relatively to Night Vision System design and use. Design options allowing improved mass and Center of Gravity in regard of classical NVG, as folded optics and visor projection, have been shown to give very effective results. Performance in various flight conditions, including fog, snow and obstacles, has been quite thoroughly investigated. Training issues with I2 and head-steered thermal imagery have also been addressed during test flight. Lessons learned from test flight open interesting possibilities for further use of such systems in civilian rotorcraft operation, provided acceptably low cost solutions could be achieved.

Wind noise consistently ranks as one of the most influential factors with respect to perceived vehicle quality. In an effort to address this issue we investigated building, solving, and analyzing a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) wind noise model using LES (Large Eddy Simulation) turbulence modeling. An experimental and numerical study of the effect of an actual sunroof deflector that was in place or removed from the vehicle was conducted. The combined effects of a relatively small mesh size and time step to capture the transient flow phenomena and a large number of time steps to insure valid comparisons with typical experimental results, led to extremely large solution times and a subsequent large amount of data to analyze. While good results were obtained, the practical use of this type of analysis in a development timeline was determined to be limited.

Engine Monitoring Systems have been in use on civil airliners since the late sixties and have developed continuously. This paper will review major problems encountered by a typical user and will examine current and future developments to determine the extent to which lessons learned in the past have been applied to development efforts. The view gained is that future systems will indeed resolve most of the problems encountered. The paper provides existing and potential engine monitoring users with insight into the main pitfalls of these systems and provides guidelines on what to look for in an engine monitoring system.

The Autonomous Power System (APS) project at the NASA Lewis Research Center is designed to demonstrate the applications of integrated intelligent diagnosis, control and scheduling techniques to space power distribution systems. The project consists of three elements: the Autonomous Power Expert System (APEX) for Fault Diagnosis, Isolation, and Recovery (FDIR); the Autonomous Intelligent Power Scheduler (AIPS) to efficiently assign activities start times and resources; and power hardware (Brassboard) to emulate a space-based power system. The APS project has been through one design iteration. Each of the three elements of the APS project has been designed, tested, and integrated into a complete working system. After these three portions were completed, an evaluation period was initiated. Each piece of the system was critiqued based on individual performance as well as the ability to interact with the other portions of the APS project.