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The feeling that a truly heavy-duty engine for truck and tractor service was not available led the company represented by the authors to commence the development of an engine that would be capable of high speed as well as have ability to develop maximum horsepower and torque at low or medium speeds. Five specific requirements are stated for a tractor and three for a truck engine; the requirements of a universal truck and tractor engine are then specified under six headings. The special features of design of the engine developed are described in minute detail and illustrated by photographs and charts, seven definite features being mentioned as having been productive of the desired results. The testing apparatus is described and power and torque curves, a timing diagram and capacity curves of the water and oil-pumps are presented. Gasoline was used as fuel, although the engine is designed to use either gasoline or kerosene and is said to be adapted to the use of the heavier fuels.

When one looks at a situation from a distance, the probability of arriving at innovative solutions increases. Thus, when an industrial design student looks at the activity of eating and preparing food in space, the perception of the design problem starts with a lack of technical information, which makes it easier to break the conventional paradigm of how food is consumed in space. This is how Mikuy came to be. It is the outcome of a 15-week class project that culminated in the design of a crew food system for long duration orbital missions. Mikuy attempts to stimulate a harmonious environment on board the International Space Station (ISS), using food as the medium for enhancing crew cohesiveness and well being during missions. The paper starts with an overview of the development of space food. It is followed by assumptions that give the designer constraints to work with. The paper then goes on to propose ways in which to innovate the way food is prepared on board the ISS.

The prudent allocation of funds is always an issue with any government agency. This is especially true in the Department of Defense (DoD) due to its magnitude and heightened level of public scrutiny. Acquisition reform is an ongoing federal/commercial effort designed to save both government and industry money by permanently altering the manner in which the DoD solicits civilian contracts and products. A necessary first step in this reform is to revise outdated and obsolete military specifications and standards. This paper will examine federal policy regarding government specification reform and explore the implications of the policy to date. It will also speculate on the future of reform and address the bigger issue behind standards reform, civil-military integration.

Time Triggered networking technologies such as TTP (Time Triggered Protocol) are beginning to be used in critical aerospace applications such as flight controls. While TTP provides stringent specifications for determinism and fault tolerance, it does not define a physical layer. TTP's “de facto” physical layer, RS-485, includes shortcomings in a number of areas. These include a relatively low minimum transmitter voltage, low receiver threshold, along with a lack of specificity in a number of areas. The latter include bus signal levels, transmitter zero-crossing distortion and receiver zero-crossing tolerance, isolation method, terminal output noise, common mode and noise rejection, and input impedance. MIL-STD-1553, which has been deployed in flight and mission critical military applications for decades, defines a highly proven and robust physical layer. This paper presents MIL-STD-1553's physical layer as a candidate for use with TTP.

This paper describes the performance, physical and electrical characteristics of a series of new, very large scale integrated (VLSI) components. These devices fully support MIL-STD-1553 and a variety of computer/microprocesor based subsystems. A new low power transceiver, and protocol for Bus Controller, Remote Terminal and Monitor Modes of operation plus a computer I/O to a central, host processor is included. A discussion of the VLSI special technologies and features is covered. Features such a3 size, packaging options, radiation hardness, power and reliability considerations will be explored. The special programming options and subsystem interface considerations which facilitate a broad array of applications is thoroughly discussed.

This paper describes the nature and benefits of a newly released military standard that was developed in cooperation with the Aircraft Store Integration Subcommittee (AS-1B) of SAE's Avionics Systems Division. MIL-STD-3014, “Department of Defense Interface Standard for Mission Data Exchange Format” or “MiDEF,” is an open-systems standard for binary data files that transport mission-specific programming data for precision munitions, uninhabited combat vehicles, and similar systems. For system developers and mission capability architects, MiDEF's benefits are its independence from communications protocols, flexibility and adaptability, evolution-oriented design, compact file size, and ease of use. MiDEF is designed to support current military evolution toward network-centric warfare, time-sensitive targeting, and precision munitions.

Industry has expressed concern that the electromagnetic emission limits of MIL-STD-461 are incompatible with the AC voltage waveform distortion limits of MIL-STD-704. Previous industry studies have attempted to establish a correlation between MIL-STD-704 and MIL-STD-461 limits, but lacked the comprehensive analyses/data required for a meaningful document comparison. This paper presents the Navy's on-going effort to investigate equipment compatibility with MIL-STD-461 and MIL-STD-704 limits and to establish a correlation between the limits of MIL-STD-461 and MIL-STD-704. A preliminary investigation was conducted to review the requirements, test methods, and measurement relationships of specifications MIL-STD-461, MIL-STD-462, MIL-STD-704, and MIL-STD-1399.

The paper is a presentation of a practical solution for the coordination of military and commercial transport with rail and water transport. The necessity for combining and coordinating transportation facilities with the idea of organizing a homogeneous transportation network of waterways, railways and highways, proved to be the essence of success in military operations during the World War. The utter inadequacy of pre-war and war-time transport facilities, when organized in the separate fields of railroad, maritime shipping and port operations, and the decentralized elements of highway transport, caused the United States Army to make a comprehensive study and plan of the world's war-time transportation with particular attention to the organization of motor transport as the necessary factor in coordinating all transportation facilities. The salient features and general principles of this study and the resultant plan are stated.

The views expressed in this discussion are those of the speaker and do not represent necessarily the views of the War Department.