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Trends of the automotive market require the application of new engine technologies, which allows for the use of different types of fuel. Currently available multi-fuel engines operate with constant compression ratio irrespective to the fuel being used, however for best performance the engine should work with a variable compression ratio. Although technically possible, this is not considered feasible for a low-cost product. In order to circumvent this and other losses, it was devised an innovative approach, which adopts turbocharging to allow optimum performance for different fuels, without changing compression ratio, an advance that can be added to low cost products. Alternatively, this approach can be used as an optimization tool along more conventional engines development. This advance will be implemented into a 1.3 8v FIRE FLEX MULTI-FUEL engine capable of operating with Gasoline E25, E94 ethyl hydrate, any blend of Gasoline E25 and Alcohol E94, and natural gas.

A new series of multifunctional gasoline additives has been developed with the objective of improving overall engine cleanliness in addition to performing the normal functions associated with these additives. Both dynamometer and field test data are presented to show the improvement in engine cleanliness derived from the use of such products. These include information on overall sludge deposits, valve tulip deposits, and PCV function.

Multigrade motor oils formulated to meet both Ordnance Supplement 1 and API service “MS” requirements were subjected to over three million miles of heavy-duty field tests. Engine wear and oil consumption were equal to, or lower than, results obtained with single-grade oils in similar service. Trucks, buses, and tractors favor multigrade oils over single-grade oils in engine starting at low temperatures and in fuel economy. Well-formulated multigrade oils also extend the period between engine overhauls and decrease inventory requirements. The savings realized in fuel economy and ease of starting far outweigh the additional cost of multigrade oils. Properly blended multigrade oils give an additional bonus in engine life. These results are dispelling the reservations held by some engine builders and fleet operators concerning multigrade oils.

Lithium 12-hydroxystearate greases have set a high standard of excellence for multipurpose grease applications. A description is given of recent improvements made in metal wetting and protection against corrosion in the presence of free water. A moderate increase in load carrying properties is also mentioned. A brief mention is made regarding future multipurpose automotive greases. Several promising high melting organic grease thickeners and nonmelting inorganic grease thickeners are available that should increase the high temperature ceiling of multipurpose automotive greases considerably. A comparison is made between the lithium 12-hydroxystearate greases and a new nonmelting inorganic microgel grease which is currently undergoing field trials as a multipurpose automotive grease.

This paper describes a control mechanism which automatically operates engines in the laboratory according to schedules characteristic of their operation on the road and which permits the evaluation of several fuel-lubricant performance factors in a single engine procedure. The results obtained with a test procedure using this control equipment have been checked against data from road tests and the comparison is presented in this paper.

This is a nontechnical account of some of the statistical design techniques appropriate for complex studies that have been developed in the last fifteen years. It has been prepared for the national meeting of the Society of Automotive Engineers in Detroit on January 11, 1960. The Society preprints the papers for the meeting. Subsequently the paper is either published in full in the Society's Annual Transactions or a detailed abstract in the monthly Journal.

Icing is a major hazard for aviation safety. Over the last decades an additional risk has been identified when flying in clouds with high concentrations of ice-crystals where ice accretion may occur on warm parts of the engine core, resulting in engine incidents such as loss of engine thrust, strong vibrations, blade damage, or even the inability to restart engines. Performing physical engine tests in icing wind tunnels is extremely challenging, therefore, the need for numerical simulation tools able to accurately predict ICI (Ice Crystal Icing) is urgent and paramount for the aeronautics industry, especially regarding the development of new generation engines (UHBR = Ultra High Bypass Ratio, CROR = Counter rotating Open Rotor, ATP = Advanced Turboprop) for which analysis methods largely based on previous engines experience may be less and less applicable. The European research project MUSIC-haic has been conceived to fill this gap and has started in September 2018.