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Technical Paper

Privacy and Authenticity in Telematics Systems

1998-10-19
98C043
The basic goals of privacy and authenticity of personal data are summarized, and examples of potential threats to privacy in telematics applications are provided. Probable telematic transactions for the automotive environment are analyzed for typical versus necessary personal content. The question of privacy versus confidentiality versus security versus authenticity is discussed in the context of system design and service provider responsibilities. Several examples of how current telematic systems address privacy are provided, and worldwide trends in architectures followed the "designed in privacy" concept are briefly described.
Technical Paper

A Millimeter-Wave Forward Looking Radar Sensor for Automotive Applications

1998-10-19
98C040
The use of very short wavelength radar sensors for closed loop adaptive cruise control (ACC) and obstacle detection has been demonstrated as part of various international research and technology demonstration programs (e.g. PROMETHEUS in Europe). The first radar systems for distance measurement and target tracking are now under development, with vehicle trials already under way in several countries. This paper describes a 77 GHz radar sensor which will begin production next year (1999) as a headway sensor, initially for use in cruise control systems. The challenges facing the sensor manufacturer include the development of robust product designs and process technologies suited to the high volume and reliability demands of the automotive market, whilst achieving this at a sustainable production cost. The key design features of such a product are described, together with the major factors influencing cost and performance.
Technical Paper

Wireless Multimedia Communications

1998-10-19
98C041
This paper presents wireless multimedia communications with the intelligent transport system (ITS). First, the new concept of "environment communication" is introduced which combines one's environmental data and information with personal communication technology; the understanding is one's environment continually changing. This concept can secure his safe movement and/or control his level of comfort. The wireless agent is also proposed as one element of environment communication. This technology combines the conventional mobile agent function with information specific to the mobile terminal environment. Also, the combination of the wireless agent and ITS is discussed from the viewpoints of effective data communication. Furthermore, the concept of personal navigation based on personal handy-phone system (PHS) technology is introduced. Last, a couple of technologies to improve wireless transmission performance are discussed.
Technical Paper

Can Infotronics Enable Competitiveness of Electric Drive Vehicles?

1998-10-19
98C055
The hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is already available commercially and is demonstrating the very significant benefit of improved fuel consumption. The costs associated with the hybrid vehicle are still high, and for novel types of auxiliary power unit are still undefined. Measures to improve the performance of HEV technology are emerging and include the traffic and navigation information which forms part of the telematics infrastructure. One of the key issues in enhancing HEV performance is journey prediction. Journey time and energy requirements can be products of a telematics system but form the basis for a significant performance enhancement to an HEV.
Technical Paper

The Volkswagen Electric Drive Vehicle: Objectives and Technology

1998-10-19
98C056
In addition to the price factor, the success of an electric vehicle primarily depends on its performance characteristics and operating range. Advances both in vehicle design and better technology help to improve these characteristics, thus providing the customer with a convincing vehicle concept. Three vehicle generations will be examined and the development advances between 1993 and 2003 will be listed by way of comparison. Improvement potential and technical limits will be analyzed from cost aspects. Since the limits of battery technology cannot be extended at will, it is necessary to develop both battery-driven electric vehicles and vehicles fitted with hybrid drive units. Based on the drive technology of purely electric-powered vehicles, concepts of range extender hybrid and fuel-cell hybrid vehicles will be presented.
Technical Paper

Control Challenges and Methodologies in Fuel Cell Vehicle Development

1998-10-19
98C054
In recent years, rapid and significant advances in fuel cell technology, together with advances in power electronics and control methodology, has enabled the development of high performance fuel cell powered electric vehicles. A key advance is that the low temperature (80°C) proton-exchange-membrane (PEM) fuel cell has become mature and robust enough to be used for automotive applications. Apart from the apparent advantage of lower vehicle emission, the overall fuel cell vehicle static and dynamic performance and power and energy efficiency are critically dependent on the intelligent design of the control systems and control methodologies. These include the control of: fuel cell heat and water management, fuel (hydrogen) and air (oxygen) supply and distribution, electric drive, main and auxiliary power management, and overall powertrain and vehicle systems.
Technical Paper

Potentials of Onboard Diagnostics and Monitoring and the Impact on the Enterprise Infrastructure

1998-10-19
98C051
This paper will first take a look at what kind of services onboard diagnostics and monitoring offer. This is done by briefly looking at both the automotive and the aviation industry. Following this, a closer look is taken at the potentials of such systems. Particular attention is given to potential benefits of onboard diagnostics and monitoring in connection with other backend systems. Again, the paper takes examples from related industries (namely aviation and truck fleet management) to generate ideas. Finally, a look is taken at the impact that the realization of the full potential of onboard diagnostics and monitoring might have on the enterprise IT infrastructure, particularly related to enterprise IT systems such as data warehouses or data marts for vehicle data.
Technical Paper

Codesign in Automotive Electronics

1998-10-19
98C048
The design of automotive electronics is a highly cooperative, distributed process between car manufactures and suppliers. Due to significant increase of quality, cost, and time to market demands, several initiatives have been founded over the last years to address the increasing demand for standardization both for automotive electronics and vehicle based software. The German MSR consortium has concentrated on design tools and information exchange between manufacturers and suppliers, whereas the OSEK/VDX consortium has concentrated on the establishment of basic software components for open system architectures. To address future demands, these activities have to be consolidated and complemented by initiatives addressing the systematic improvement of the concurrent design processes as well as the appropriate qualification of engineering personnel.
Technical Paper

Avionics and Automotive Bandwagon Flying Together on the Infotronics Highway

1998-10-19
98C052
Electric and electronic architecture integration into car sub-modules now involves a large number of functions requiring many system's, component's and technologies' tradeoffs. Using supplier consortiums to challenge and gain in matters of cost reduction by integration in partnership with car makers has been suggested and described by many as the best practice for the cars of years 2000 plus. Meanwhile, just around the corner, apart from the automotive closed world is a completely new approach that may benefit to pioneer partners. This paper shows innovative cooperation areas between the automotive and civil aircraft industry in the domain of passengers entertainment systems
Technical Paper

A Can Communications Concept With Guaranteed Message Latencies

1998-10-19
98C050
A new in-vehicle communication concept for CAN networks has been developed, taking into account recent findings from real-time research. The concept is characterized by three impo features: (i) Ability to guarantee the real-time performance of the network already at the design stage, thus significantly reducing the need for testing; (ii) Built-in flexibility enabling the vehicle manufacturer to upgrade the network in the pre-production phase of a project as well as in the aftermarket; (iii) Low use of available resources, thus saving cost compared to other solutions. The concept is successfully used in all larger Volvo cars from model year 1999.
Technical Paper

TodayS Electronics in TodayS Vehicles

1998-10-19
98C028
Historically, the long development time required to produce a new automobile has meant that the electronics in that vehicle might lag the state-of-the-art by several years. For traditional vehicle electronics, this was certainly an appropriate delay, ensuring through extensive testing and qualification that the quality and reliability of the electronic systems met rigorous standards. However, with the growing consumer-oriented electronics content in today's vehicles, it is becoming more difficult for the automotive manufacturers to meet consumers' expectations with older technology. Couple this with the fast-paced consumer product cycle, typically nine to eighteen and the result is increasing pressure on the vehicle manufacturers from after-market electronics suppliers, who can update their product lines as fast as the component manufacturers can produce new models.
Technical Paper

Open Architectural Car Multimedia Platform

1998-10-19
98C026
In the near future, car multimedia systems will be essential to enable emerging digital media and cater to expanding business opportunities utilizing various information contents. Since a strong demand for the standardization to be ready and beneficial for both the customers and the manufacturers exists today, an open platform is the most desirable. Clarion has co-developed an open architecture in-car multimedia system in a 1DIN form factor for installation in the dash of a vehicle. This open architecture, known as Auto PC, is powered by the Microsoft® Windows® CE 2.0 operating system. This in-car multimedia system will provide solutions for the major tasks required of next generation in-car information systems.
Technical Paper

Vehicle Information System for the Digital Generation

1998-10-19
98C025
The digital generation today has high demand for information and intelligent systems in the vehicle. In addition, the demand is not limited to information inside the vehicle but also extends to information outside the vehicle. Traditional vehicle information systems do not address these new dimensions and are not capable of supporting such requirements. To facilitate such development, a standardized operating system that is full-featured and scaleable is needed to provide total systems integration in the vehicle and allow seamless communication with external digital information systems.
Technical Paper

Vehicle Infotronics-The Driver Assistant Approach

1998-10-19
98C024
A new approach to improve the driver's safety is to actively support the driving task and prevent possibly dangerous situations. This paper is about the family of driver assistance systems which will combine three steps of information processing: Automatic collection of data by scanning the environment of the vehicle; Automatic processing of data according to the need of the driver and his driving task; Appropriate presentation of valuable information to the driver. Electronic sensor systems will enlarge the driver's knowledge about what is actually going on around his vehicle. These systems expand the human sensor systems eye and ear for the special purpose "safe driving."
Technical Paper

Future Trend of Instrument Cluster (Black Face Cluster)

1998-10-19
98C023
In 1989, the first black face cluster was introduced as the first Lexus cluster and has been highly praised in the market. The cluster has strong advantages but could not gain a higher installation ratio in various vehicles because of the cost. DENSO Corp. has been improving the cost performance of this cluster and the installation ratio is being increased. On the other hand, multi-information displays and component integration in instrument panels will soon be introduced. Considering this, I would like to discuss the future trend of instrument clusters using the black face cluster concept with multi displays and integration capabilities.
Technical Paper

Investigation of Road Recognition Using Ar-Model

1998-10-19
98C022
This paper describes an image processing method for recognizing white lines on the road ahead to accomplish automatic lane tracking. The behavior of detected points on the white lines can be regarded as multi-channel time-series data. The stochastic behavior of each point correlates with not only its own past behavior but also the behavior of other points around it. Behavior is identified by using a multi-variable auto-regressive (AR) model. This method can estimate the road configuration ahead logically even if the points cannot be detected clearly because a line is discontinuous or is hidden by a forward vehicle.
Technical Paper

Microelectronics-Microhybrid Technology

1998-10-19
98C039
The development in electronics for automotive application shows a high speed of improvement over the last 20 years regarding downsizing of all components. This could be achieved despite the harsh environmental conditions we find in vehicles, especially in the engine compartment. Big changes have always required the development of new technologies regarding the production of electronic components. The paper shows technologies which are right now under development to allow the next steps regarding downsizing as well as some examples of possible applications. There is also information regarding the current obstacles for improvements beyond this point as well as basic ideas how to overcome some of them.
Technical Paper

Digital Signal Processing (Dsp) Solutions in Automotive

1998-10-19
98C020
Why DSP? What makes a digital signal processor (DSP) different from other processor architectures and what impact will the DSP have on the automobile? The answer lies in the algorithms they are intended to run. Digital signal processing is the discreet time sampling of a continuous signal, discreet processing of the signal, and outputting the resultant signal. These operations can be implemented with a calculator and scratch paper, a microcontroller, RISC engine, or a DSP. The parameters of interest are how quickly the answer is required and the determinism of the answer. A DSP is specifically designed to implement digital signal processing algorithms. This paper will investigate DSP algorithms, how the DSP is architected to implement these algorithms efficiently, and the impact DSPs will have on the automobile.
Technical Paper

Simplifying the Possibilities: Properties and Prioritization of Driver Interface Design

1998-10-19
98C033
As technology advances, it is possible to present the driver with more information and communication options than ever before. Intelligent transportation system products will make new and additional demands on the driver's attentional and cognitive abilities. Today, in-vehicle cellular phones and faxes are common, and soon wireless communication with the Internet and various other forms of specialized information will be available to drivers as well. The challenge is to develop a human-machine interface (HMI) that is beneficial yet simple and easy to use as more demands are made on the driver. This paper provides guidance in utilizing human factors properties to ensure simplicity and prioritization of tasks in HMI development
Technical Paper

Development Speed-Up for Electronic Control Systems

1998-10-19
98C037
The development of electronic control systems has become a critical issue in the automotive industry. Rapid control prototyping (RCP) and hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HIL) are important technologies for speeding up the development process. They have already established themselves as viable technologies, albeit not everywhere yet. One big gap in the development process, however, is the transfer from RCP to a target ECU with all its limitations, and upcoming tools are expected to bridge that gap. With major obstacles being removed by the tool-based development process, the focus is shifting to streamlining the process and making it seamless, from requirements analysis right through to the finished production ECU.
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