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This paper describes the development of a pull type mover for moving palletless cotton modules. The design requirements, design solutions and operating characteristics are described.

This paper describes the design and development of a new line of John Deere semi-integral moldboard plows. The major features of the new plows are described in the body of the paper.

This paper discusses the control of hydraulic noise along the vibration and pressure ripple transmission paths. The basic theories of structureborne and fluidborne noise control are discussed. The examples include quantitative results.

The automotive field is in a state of a permanent evolution. Yesterday, mechanical drives were the only solution. Today, Hydrostatics offers new possibilities to the designers. This paper reviews the technical and economical reasons why the concepts of: High Pressure hydrostatic systems (5 to 6000 PSI) High Torque Low Speed hydraulic motors wheel motors multiflow fixed displacement pumps, contribute to higher vehicle performance then represent the ideal solution for the market of tomorrow.

A design concept has been evolved for the configuration of heavy duty transmissions through the building-block approach. The functional characteristics inherent in vehicular transmissions are configured by integrating the requisite modules to meet the operational requirements of drive trains for commercial vehicles and off-highway wheeled and tracked vehicles. The functional modules envisaged provide for total interchangeability within a preselected drive train power handling range and the transmission system configurations provide for flexible, compatible and custom-built drive train packages.

A new torque converter transmission has been designed and developed for our worldwide industrial tractors in the 55 to 81 horsepower range. This paper discusses the design goals, clutch design, general transmission features, hydraulic circuitry and production testing procedures.

Different types of removal criteria for wire rope appear in standards and regulations that are applicable to wire rope using equipment. Criteria most commonly used is based on visible broken wires. Recent tests conducted by the wire rope industry have provided data regarding remaining strength at the point when a wire rope reaches the removal criteria. Data has also been developed to investigate the relationship between remaining service life from the point where removal criteria is reached to actual rope failure. This test data will be of interest and value to all persons concerned with wire rope; designer, user, and inspector.

This paper deals with the preponderance of different regulations in the European community. The author gives design guidelines for new cranes, which if observed in the design stages, can greatly simplify modifying the crane at some later date in order to sell in Europe.

Retrofit noise controls were developed to reduce the noise exposure of the operator of a large Army forklift truck. Various noise sources were studied and modified. The overall success of the program determined by the reduction achievable in hydraulic system noise reaching the operator by airborne, fluid-borne and structure-borne paths. Practical retrofit modifications to reduce hydraulic system noise included component replacement, introduction of flexible fluid lines, vibration isolation and vibration damping. The overall noise at the operator's ear was reduced by 15 dB(A) without the use of a cab and by 22 dB(A) with a cab.

The requirement for reliable, precise positioning of functions with remote actuation promoted the development of a pressure compensated electro-hydraulic proportional flow control valve. Lower horsepower consumption, contamination insensitivity, built-in position feedback, and manual operation in case of an emergency were the prime design criteria. These concepts are discussed in this paper and along with the advantages of utilizing these concepts in typical mobile hydraulic circuits.

The vibration characteristics of hydraulic piston pumps and other pertinent vibration sources are given to guide in designing pump vibrationisolation mountings. Mount configuration recommendations and design data are provided to simplify the design effort.

This paper deals with the reasons for and the development of an internal combustion engine with an immediately hydraulic output. After looking at some of the advantages to be gained from such an engine, the following considerations are then discussed: a hydraulic substitute for the conventional flywheel; quick, efficient starting and stopping; converting a declining combustion pressure into a constant hydraulic pressure; operation over a range of system pressure; interface with a hydrostatic transmission, and energy storage and regeneration.

The operation of hydraulic valves with air controls can provide flexibility and economy of installation, and increase safety and reduce fatigue for the operator.

Many organizations are involved in the development of different types of standards applicable to the design, construction and maintenance of boats and related equipment. Coordination of this many--faceted effort is essential to the efficient use of available expertise and resources. The American Boat and Yacht Council has assumed the role of coordinator, participating on appropriate committees and maintaining a close liaison with each of the organizations at the staff level. This cooperative effort includes a working relationship with the U. S. Coast Guard on both the voluntary and mandatory standards programs. A listing of standards is included.

An examination of future trends in lift truck developments suggests a stable product line with a requirement for increased power at a time of escalating fuel costs. Within the time scale of the present survey (up to about the year 2000) only battery/electric and derivatives of conventional reciprocating engines will provide this power. As the turn of the century is approached, a breakthrough in the development of high density, low weight battery systems is forecast, leading to a recovery of lost market share and eventual dominance. In the intervening period gasolene and diesel-derived engines will increase their market penetration, but the opportunity of reducing, or at least containing, operating costs by the introduction of a broad specification fuel oil and injected stratified charge engines will be lost.

The combination of a large population, advanced technology and affluence has reduced the limited deposits of fossil resources. The forests, our natural renewable resource, can indefinitely provide enormous amounts of raw material for energy, food and fodder, conventional solid and reconstituted products, the chemical industries as well as clean air, clean water and recreation. Engineering equipment for forest management and utilization are suggested that will insure perpetual viability of the forests.

Various techniques are presented and evaluated for their ability to forecast equipment sales in the agricultural industry. The forecasting methods discussed include trend approximation, time series moving averages, exponential smoothing, Delphi Method, buyer intentions and econometric models. A model that predicts future sales for industrial tractors was presented including a 1978 forecast. Leading indicators for Industrial Tractor Sales were GNP construction dollars, index of prices of construction machinery and new housing starts. Also, a farm tractor sales model and the resulting difficulty in finding leading indicators were discussed. Statistical methods required for econometric forecasting and model validity testing are given.

The needs for wood fiber are doubling each 20 to 25 years. Adding to this the incorporation of this material into energy, it can be concluded that not only must production rates increase, but utilization of the available material must increase. This paper reviews what recent technology advancements have been made in the harvesting phase of this industry, as well as reviews what future trends are taking place in the development of equipment for this industry. The paper particularly emphasizes that phase of harvesting that deals with the felling or extracting of the standing tree.

A primary objective of any company is to generate an adequate return to its owners as measured by the income statement, balance sheet, and other financial tools. In coming up with a satisfactory “bottom line” the management of the company is constantly faced with a wide array of investment alternatives, as well as the need to make funds available to finance these investments. The engineer plays a key role in the decision process both by providing the technology that can be exploited, as well as the technical capability to implement the projects that are selected. It is therefore important that he have an adequate knowledge of financial analysis in order to assist in the process of screening projects for their economic acceptability. This paper is aimed at providing the engineer with the proper attitude and perspective so that he can expand his skills to include the selection and justification of project proposals in the engineering area.

This paper will describe how to organize for effective communications between the Service group and Engineering and how to keep these lines of communications open. It will include the assistance required by the Service Department from Engineering, as well as the assistance required by Engineering from the Service organization, in order for each to function most effectively. How to put warranty information into a meaningful form is analyzed in some depth.