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THIS paper demonstrates the accuracy that can be expected from the method of computing truck road performance developed by Stamm and Lamb. The author shows here that: 1. The method is sound. 2. The use of the basic factors now available for the resistances to motion can be expected to result in an average difference between the computed and the actual performance of 5-10% of the computed performance. 3. The actual performance is always greater than the computed for operation on the level and is generally less than the computed for grades of 3% and steeper.

The development of Steer-by-Wire (SbW) systems for on-road use is a challenging task. In a joint industry effort several companies have teamed up in the TTA-Group SbW Working Group to develop an architectural cookbook for SbW. The working group started with the development of a concept document. It adopts IEC 61508 for the development of a reference SbW architecture for on-road use. The main focus of the working group will be achieved in a second step where common parts of the electronic architecture will be developed.

When evaluating new vehicle designs, modeling and simulation offer techniques to predict parameters such as maximum speed, fuel efficiency, turning radius, and the like. However, the measure of greatest interest is the likelihood of mission success. One approach to assessing the likelihood of mission success in simulation is to build behavior models, operating at the human decision-making level, that can execute realistic missions in simulation. This approach makes it possible to not only measure changes in mission success rates, but also to analyze the causes of mission failures. Layering behavior modeling and simulation on underlying models of equipment and components enables measurement of more conventional parameters such as time, fuel efficiency under realistic conditions, distance traveled, equipment used, and survivability.

With implementation of stringent BSVI emission norms and regulations like OBD-II on vehicle, it is essential to define the life of exhaust after treatment along with the vehicle. Diesel after treatment generally consists of DOC, DPF and SCR. Lubricating oil contains phosphorus and zinc which adversely affect the DOC. Unburned hydrocarbons (UNHBC) and SOF in tail pipe get accumulated in the DPF. This requires regeneration process where in, high temperatures in exhaust after treatment (EATS) burn the adsorbed Sulphur or phosphorus, thereby improving the conversion efficiencies. Repeated regenerations lead to ash accumulation in DPF and this reduces its capability for soot accumulation. Sulphur in the exhaust impacts SCR through NOx conversion. The present study analyzes the effect of (1) Chemical aging (2) Thermal aging on 3.77 liter diesel engine after treatment. A test cycle was prepared to run the durability for EATS.

In order to deeply investigate and improve the complete path from biofuel production to combustion, the cluster of excellence “Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass” was installed at RWTH Aachen University in 2007. Recently, new pathways have been discovered to synthesize octanol [1] and di-n-butylether (DNBE). These molecules are identical in the number of included hydrogen, oxygen and carbon atoms, but differ in the molecular structure: for octanol, the oxygen atom is at the end of the molecule, whereas for DNBE it is located in the middle. In this paper the utilization of octanol and DNBE in a state-of-the-art single cylinder diesel research engine will be discussed. The major interest has been on engine emissions (NOx, PM, HC, CO, noise) compared to conventional diesel fuel.

Modern safety and comfort features must behave country specific to the local environment and traffic conditions in order to gain end consumers’ trust and strengthening OEMs market success respectively. In order to achieve this, a new methodology was developed. In this paper, the approach for designing advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS) with a tailored controller behavior optimized for country specific market expectations like in India is described. Furthermore, the definition of objective performance and calibration targets with automated evaluation of target fulfillment will be deeply discussed. The method is focused on saving time at calibration and validation without compromising the quality of ADAS features. Local market specific driving behavior is investigated and measurement data from real-world driving collected. Data clustering via maneuver detection is performed automatically, which is saving time and effort.

Advancement in Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Oils has, for approximately two decades, been driven by the ever more stringent emission legislation for NOx and Particulates. Over the last few years, the focus has shifted to reducing CO2 emissions, which created an interest in fuel efficient lubricants. In addition, increased fuel cost and a need to control operational expenses in a weaker economy have further heightened the interest in fuel efficient lubricants. Where the trucking industry was reluctant to move away from the tried and true SAE 15W-40 viscosity grade, there is now a strong interest in pushing the boundaries of lower viscosity to reduce internal friction in the engine and thereby improve fuel efficiency. Consequently, the industry is exploring and introducing lower viscosity grades, such as SAE 10W-30 and even SAE 5W-30.

Tanker trucks are commonly used for transporting liquid material including chemical and petroleum products. On the one hand, tanker trucks are susceptible to rollover accidents due to the high center of gravity when they are loaded and due to the liquid sloshing effects when the tank is partially filled. On the other hand, tanker truck rollover accidents are among the most dangerous vehicle crashes, frequently resulting in serious to fatal driver injuries and significant property damage, because the liquid cargo is often hazardous and flammable. Therefore, effective schemes for tanker truck rollover avoidance are highly desirable and can bring a considerable amount of societal benefit. Yet, the development of such schemes is challenging, as tanker trucks can operate in various environments and be affected by manufacturing variability, aging, degradation, etc. This paper considers the use of Learning Reference Governor (LRG) for tanker truck rollover avoidance.

In this work, the multi-disciplinary problem arising from fluid sloshing within a partially filled tanker truck undergoing lateral acceleration is investigated through the use of multiphysics coupling between a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver and a multi-body dynamics (MBD) solver. This application represents a challenging test case for simulation technology within the design of commercial vehicles and is intended to demonstrate a novel approach in the field of computer aided engineering. Computer aided engineering is playing a more predominant role in the design process for commercial and passenger vehicles. Better understanding of the real time loading and responses on a vehicle during intended or unintended use can result in improved design and reduced cost over traditional designs that relied heavily on assumed loads.

Significant advances in bearing material quality, resulting in measurably cleaner steels, have provided increased ratings and extended performance in The Timken Company standard product tapered roller bearings. Using a sizable database of test results collected over the past years, along with appropriate analysis methods, it has been possible to identify those advances needed to provide additional improved bearing performance. New advances in bearing design and manufacturing technology, as exemplified by enhanced internal bearing geometry and advanced finish processing, indicate improved bearing performance can be achieved in smaller bearing designs or increased reliability or extended life within existing bearing sizes. Such advances culminated in the new Performance 900™ bearings announced by The Timken Company in February 1988.

Target cascading methodology is applied to the optimization problem of the kinematics of a rack and pinion steering mechanism coupled to a double-wishbone suspension system of a hybrid off-road vehicle. This permits the partition of a complex problem into reduced order sub-problems in a hierarchical manner, leading to a more efficient design and optimization process. According to the nature of the problem, it is proposed a four level hierarchy organization. The uppermost level is the general vehicle design problem. The second level consists in various system-level design problems such as frame, powertrain and the set suspension-steering. The steering system design problem is proposed in a third hierarchical level. At the lowest level are the components design problems. The vehicle under study will work mainly under off-road condition at low speed.

In recent years, since the demands for comfortable operation and low fuel consumption are increasingly enhanced on the industrial machines, non-road engines as power sources on agriculture, landscape and construction applications are required to be achieved high power, low fuel consumption and low noise. Also, even for small engines, it is necessary to keep up with the trend of electronic control devices on these machines. Based on such backgrounds, we developed new non-road direct injection diesel engines with common rail system to satisfy those demands. This paper reviews the technologies to achieve the adoption of common rail system onto such small displacement industrial engines and to optimize the combustion system and injection characteristics.

With the law on autonomous driving and the associated ordinance, it has been possible in Germany since June 2022 to grant operating permission to vehicles with automated driving function and to admit them to road traffic. For public transport, automated shuttle buses offer the opportunity to maintain the existing service despite a shortage of personnel and to close gaps in supply. The safety of vehicle occupants, other road users and third parties is a key concern in the operation of automated shuttle buses. As part of the project RABus “Real laboratory for automated bus operation in public transport in urban and rural areas”, which is funded by the Ministry of Transport Baden-Württemberg, the operational reliability of automated shuttle buses (SAE Level 4) in public transport is being scientifically investigated. In the implementation of automated driving, obstacle detection/avoidance is a safety-critical driving function.

The technical evolution of the new Minneapolis-Moline G1000 tractor from the market analysis, preliminary design stages through the final design and testing stages is presented. The modification of an existing engine is described, with respect to the various engine parts. Technical features of the tractor, such as side rails, clutch, transmission, front end, PTO, and hydraulics are also discussed. Finally, the testing and evaluation of the unit are described.

When a vehicle travels through a corner it can experience a significant change in aerodynamic performance due to the curved path of its motion. The yaw angle of the flow will vary along its length and the relative velocity of the flow will increase with distance from the central axis of its rotation. Aerodynamic analysis of vehicles in the cornering condition is an important design parameter, particularly in motorsport. Most racing-cars are designed to produce downforce that will compromise straight-line speed to allow large gains to be made in the corners. Despite the cornering condition being important, aerodynamicists are restricted in their ability to replicate the condition experimentally. Whirling arms, rotary rigs, curved test sections and bent wind tunnel models are experimental techniques capable of replicating some aspects of the cornering condition, but are all compromised solutions.