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In this paper, the features of V3300 heavy-duty diesel engine series and the technologies to achieve the concepts are introduced. V3300 series is the vertical water-cooled 4 cycle IDI diesel engine for agricultural and industrial use. Its output is the highest in our company's IDI diesel engines. V3300 series was developed based on the concepts of our conventional series (low vibration, low noise, clean exhaust emissions and good fuel efficiency). V3300 series adopts 3 valves system for the first time in agricultural and industrial diesel engines. This 3 valves system is composed of 2 intake valves and 1 exhaust valve per cylinder. V3300 series also adopts the new combustion system which succeeded to the KUBOTA's original combustion system. The volumetric efficiency, the fuel efficiency and the exhaust emission performance are improved by these systems. The comfort level is achieved by reduction of the vibration and the noise by adoption of the built-in balancer.

MAN and Shell have jointly investigated the effect of fuel properties on exhaust emissions from advanced engine technologies. MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG, the Austrian subsidiary Steyr Nutzfahrzeuge AG and Deutsche Shell AG started this bilateral cooperation in 1990 with the objective of identifying key fuel properties that influence emissions from a MAN heavy-duty engine meeting the EURO-I legislation. The intention of that investigation was to determine the effect of cetane number, total and poly-aromatics content and backend distillation [T90] on particulates and gaseous emissions. In parallel both companies participated in the EPEFE (European Program on Emissions, Fuels and Engine Technologies) program which provided a broader understanding of fuel effects on emissions with different engine technologies under European test conditions.

A program to explore the effects of natural and additive-derived cetane on various aspects of diesel performance and combustion has been carried out. Procedures have been developed to measure diesel engine fuel consumption and power to a high degree of precision. These methods have been used to measure fuel consumption and power in three heavy-duty direct-injection diesel engines. The fuel matrix consisted of three commercial fuels of cetane number (CN) of 40-42, the same fuels raised to CN 48-50 with a cetane improver additive, and three commercial fuels of base CN 47-50. The engines came from three different U.S. manufacturers and were of three different model years and emissions configurations. Both fuel economy and power were found to be significantly higher for the cetane-improved fuels than for the naturally high cetane fuels. These performance advantages derive mainly from the higher volumetric heat content inherent to the cetane-improved fuels.

The 70 Series 4WD tractors offered by John Deere has been replaced by a new 9000 product line as part of the continuous improvement process to meet customer needs and provide a product with maximum value to our customers. The new model lineup is 260, 310, 360, and 425 engine HP. All models are powered by John Deere engines with the largest 3 models using the new 10.5L and 12.5L engines. The new line of 9000 Series tractors is a styled tractor family which uses many of the 8000 Series Row Crop tractor concepts and designs. This new product line provides improved operator comfort, enhanced operator conveniences, and simplified serviceability.

Importance of detecting obstacles around construction machines increase rapidly. The millimeter-wave radar is the most useful sensor to keep to detect obstacles in the current technologies. because of its good performance under severe conditions. The signal processing algorithm of this radar is developed, for the using in working conditions by means of eliminating signal fluctuations and instabilities caused by its environments. The developed millimeter-wave radar has a reasonable performance, for example, detecting the rear side of automobiles and many types of construction machinery from the distance of 100m.

Stress affects each of us regardless of who we are or what we do. Our bodies have developed intricate systems to respond to stress. These systems were developed during human kinds infancy to assist us to respond to life threatening situations. In today's world we face much different threats than our early counterparts. Regardless, our bodies haven't caught up to our current lifestyles. Our body systems still react to a deadline the same as a Saber Toothed Tiger attack. Until it catches up we need to learn about these responses and what we can do to control them.

A new series of compact excavators has been developed with enhanced performance to compete against tractor loader backhoes. At the heart of this design is a unique hydraulic circuit that provides the necessary hydraulic pressures and flow rates. This circuit also provides the simultaneous operation of many vehicle functions while minimizing the pump capacity requirements. This feature has been termed multifunction operation. The hydraulic circuit and its development are detailed.

Control of the Clutch is a complex system with multi-infactor, multi-goal and nonlinear properties, the fast tracing capability should be needed at the same time, so the fuzzy control is suitable for it. The difficulty of the clutch fuzzy control is how to analyze its stability. In this paper, the theory of Lyapunov and linear approximation is applied to analyze and design the stability of the clutch fuzzy control, which is a practical method in analysis of the stability of nonlinear systems.

Compact excavators are designed to perform a variety of functions within a small vehicle envelope. The vehicle size presents constraints on the structure as well as the hydraulic system. A unique open-center hydraulic system has been designed and developed which optimizes system performance, size, and cost. The hydraulic circuit was designed to provide smooth, reliable operation of as many as ten vehicle functions simultaneously.

This paper compares the performance of a radius lip wiper and sharp lip wiper. Both wiper styles were tested for a paired comparison of leakage, wear, and ingression resistance. The results show that using a radius lip wiper allows the fluid to adhere to the rod, giving the fluid a greater opportunity to reenter the system instead of being scraped off by the wiper and accumulating as apparent leakage. This decrease in apparent leakage does not have an adverse affect upon the wipers original intended function: preventing ingression of contamination into the hydraulic system.

This paper relates to the increase in speed and pressure ratings of piston type hydraulic pumps and motors. Such units are typically used as components in hydrostatic transmissions. Without a substantial change in basic design, the introduction of fixed losses to fulfill these ratings adversely affects the partial load efficiency of those units.

The electronics in the JCB Wheeled Loader represent an integration of the requirements of the operator, the needs for configuration on several models of loader in several languages, and the need for data collection and diagnostic capabilities. A number of challenging technologies are used in the electronics including a large custom LCD panel with backlighting, LED warning indicators, automatic 12V/24V operation, real-time clock recording of fault conditions, and CE approval. The Windows-based software tool allows settings to be altered and logged data to be viewed to monitor the operation of the loader and assist with diagnostics of faults.

In many areas, neural network technology has made a successful transition from theory to practical application, primarily due to the advances that have been made in computer technology and digital signal processing. Research at the University of Saskatchewan over the past few years has focused on applying neural network technology to fluid power systems. This paper will examine four projects that have been initiated by the authors and their graduate students which use neural networks for purposes of open loop pattern following, multiple input - multiple output control, indirect measurement of actuator displacement, and hydraulic component identification. A brief introduction to static and dynamic neural networks is given. Descriptions of the individual project objectives, the experimental implementation of neural networks to achieve these objectives, and some typical experimental results are considered.

Many mechanical systems employing fluid power use one or more valves to control fluid flow. Often these valves can be quite complex, with many inlets and exits, reversing flow, flow and pressure control, and other unique features. It is desirable to model these valves and the associated fluid and control logic circuits with software during the design phase, and explore the effect of design changes on system performance using simulation and other analyses without having to build and modify expensive prototypes. A number of commercially available software packages offer various methods for “graphically modeling” dynamic systems, and some, offer the user pre-defined libraries of hydraulic components that greatly speed the modeling process. However, the variations on valve design are unlimited, and it is often necessary to model a hydraulic valve that has not been previously defined. This paper describes an approach allowing essentially any valve configuration to be modeled.

The application of site-specific agriculture has created a rapid need for technology in the farming community. An area of particular interest is that of utilizing spatially related data to more efficiently apply crop inputs. This has commonly been accomplished through the analysis of field characteristics, the use of variable rate application of farming inputs, and the analysis of yield outputs. Global Positioning Systems have been utilized to provide the real-time location information necessary for correlation of mapping and application systems. The techniques presented in this paper describe the application of navigation systems to agriculture, as navigation overcomes many of the limitations of standard GPS systems. This navigation research has spurred the development of a coupled GPS and INS system designed to advance the state of Site-Specific Agriculture.

Precision farming involves doing the right things in the right place at the right time. Combine yield mapping systems are documenting considerable yield variation within typical fields and should encourage improved crop management for higher profits and less impact on the environment. Variety choice, pest control, drainage, soil type, soil fertility, tillage practices, crop rotation, plant stands, and topography are a few of the factors causing yield variation. Managing these causes will require a much more detailed, yet holistic approach to crop production. Precision farming tools make on-farm research easier, which should help producers make more informed management decisions.

A peculiarity of all-wheel drive off-highway vehicles is that their running abilities (cross-country mobility, tractive and velocity properties, turnability and the like) depend not only on total traction effort but also on its distribution between driving wheels. The latter is in great measure determined by actuating vehicle system and characteristics of the mechanisms installed in power dividing transmission units, i.e. in interwheel, interaxle reduction gears, and transfer cases. The characteristics of locking performance of these mechanisms regulate the circumferential force distribution between driving wheels and, respectively, a vehicle's performance indicators. Such mechanisms have been created and are being created in a multitude. The classification of power dividing mechanisms and system is given. They provide a high level of the traction performance of all-wheel drive off-highway vehicles and agricultural tractors, in particular.

As the use of electronics increases in vehicles of all kinds, multiple manufacturer compatibility issues begin to dominate the system integration. Functionality of electronics is often repeated and duplicated, increasing costs. In order to reduce costs it is some times necessary to combine the functionality of multiple units into a single package. With the combination of power amplifier electronics and microprocessors, Agile has been able to integrate several vehicle functions into an integrated package. A thorough understanding of the vehicle powertrain dynamics is a critical requirement in developing fully integrated control electronics. Development of integrated electronics begins with a full vehicle model and simulation, followed by prototyping with known electronics before a cost optimized design is proposed. Discussion in this paper will cover full vehicle simulation and assumptions to full vehicle performance and results.

Like all industries, the fluid power industry is under increasing pressure to identify and use hydraulic fluids that offer higher performance, improved fire safety, and exhibit improved environmental and toxicological behavior. Recently a novel hydrolube composition has been developed that is capable of being used in hydraulic pumps at pressures of 34.4 MPa (5000 psi) and greater*. In addition to being a Group 1 Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluid according to the new Factory Mutual Research Corporation's testing methodology, this high-performance hydrolube also exhibits excellent biodegradability and toxicology properties. The objective of this paper is to discuss pump performance, fire resistance, and environmental and toxicology properties of this fluid..

In the application of direct fuel injection to an SI engine the fuel spray characteristics such as droplets velocity and diameter, as well as the penetration length in the combustion chamber - but especially their variation with engine speed and injected quantity - are determining criteria for a mixture formation with the required quality. These characteristics are of particular importance for high speed engines because of the large range of speed variation and become stringent for high speed two-stroke engines where a very short mixture formation time is imposed.