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Car crime alone costs the British motorists £3 billion annually. Also results from a recent Fleet Marketing Survey revealed 32% of British drivers belive that they will become victims of car crime. The same survey also asked if vehicle manufacturers should be doing more to build security into their vehicles. A staggering 91% said yes! Therefore for example, with the technical interface of such regular items as engine motronics communicating with new infotronics - it is a golden opportunity for global manufacturers to link up with new generation engine software lock immobilizers or something equivalent and consider other special security features. Good brand equity on security technology, in my opinion is vital and here to stay! Apart from having satisfied buying customers, security needs to be recognised and approved with the local type approval agencies, insurance industry, police and many government bodies. My paper will address these fundamental issues in more detail.

The information security and integrity issues associated with a mobile multimedia vehicle are examined. Due to the external connectivity of the vehicle, concerns over the integrity of the vehicle operation are raised. On one hand, the problems for the vehicle computer are similar to those encountered in the Internet environment. On the other hand, the absolute safety requirements of operating a vehicle place special constraints on the robustness of the vehicle computer. This paper describes how the architecture of the network vehicle addresses the security and integrity issues by providing physical and software separation between the vehicle control and the multimedia networks.

A broad range of information is being delivered to and used within modern vehicles. Information-based applications are becoming more highly integrated into the automobile. Security services are necessary to provide appropriate protection for this information. Encryption, digital signature, and hash functionalities enable information security services such as confidentiality, authentication, integrity and non-repudiation. However, the consumer of in-vehicle information services will not accept security services that introduce any inconvenience to their activities. This paper will discuss various security service methods and security management systems and propose methods to integrate these services acceptably into vehicle-based applications.

Information networks involving consumers achieve best cost and efficiency with "thin clients", i.e. devices that remain simple and minimal. Cars are "thin clients on wheels": to reduce the cost of entry of information availability in the vehicle, processing intensive software and data will reside off board. With data flowing in and out of the vehicle, information privacy, integrity and authenticity become essential. Java platforms were invented to provide safe networking to a variety of hardware platforms, now extending well beyond the desktop and reaching out consumers all the way to their plastic cards. How can Java Card and other Java technologies provide the combination of security, ubiquity and mobility required by the automotive industry?

Fujitsu Ten has developed a compact frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) millimeter-wave radar with a scanning function. To get the desired performance, weight and compactness, we integrated the transmitting and receiving antennas, and minimized the number of parts by means of monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) and analog IC technology. As a result, we were able to add a high speed scan by means of an actuator. We use a digital signal processor (DSP) and software that can correctly recognize multiple targets. We have successfully evaluated the radar's suitability for adaptive cruise control (ACC) by installing it in a test car. This paper describes the technologies used and the results of the evaluation

The basic goals of privacy and authenticity of personal data are summarized, and examples of potential threats to privacy in telematics applications are provided. Probable telematic transactions for the automotive environment are analyzed for typical versus necessary personal content. The question of privacy versus confidentiality versus security versus authenticity is discussed in the context of system design and service provider responsibilities. Several examples of how current telematic systems address privacy are provided, and worldwide trends in architectures followed the "designed in privacy" concept are briefly described.

The use of very short wavelength radar sensors for closed loop adaptive cruise control (ACC) and obstacle detection has been demonstrated as part of various international research and technology demonstration programs (e.g. PROMETHEUS in Europe). The first radar systems for distance measurement and target tracking are now under development, with vehicle trials already under way in several countries. This paper describes a 77 GHz radar sensor which will begin production next year (1999) as a headway sensor, initially for use in cruise control systems. The challenges facing the sensor manufacturer include the development of robust product designs and process technologies suited to the high volume and reliability demands of the automotive market, whilst achieving this at a sustainable production cost. The key design features of such a product are described, together with the major factors influencing cost and performance.

This paper presents wireless multimedia communications with the intelligent transport system (ITS). First, the new concept of "environment communication" is introduced which combines one's environmental data and information with personal communication technology; the understanding is one's environment continually changing. This concept can secure his safe movement and/or control his level of comfort. The wireless agent is also proposed as one element of environment communication. This technology combines the conventional mobile agent function with information specific to the mobile terminal environment. Also, the combination of the wireless agent and ITS is discussed from the viewpoints of effective data communication. Furthermore, the concept of personal navigation based on personal handy-phone system (PHS) technology is introduced. Last, a couple of technologies to improve wireless transmission performance are discussed.

The hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is already available commercially and is demonstrating the very significant benefit of improved fuel consumption. The costs associated with the hybrid vehicle are still high, and for novel types of auxiliary power unit are still undefined. Measures to improve the performance of HEV technology are emerging and include the traffic and navigation information which forms part of the telematics infrastructure. One of the key issues in enhancing HEV performance is journey prediction. Journey time and energy requirements can be products of a telematics system but form the basis for a significant performance enhancement to an HEV.

In addition to the price factor, the success of an electric vehicle primarily depends on its performance characteristics and operating range. Advances both in vehicle design and better technology help to improve these characteristics, thus providing the customer with a convincing vehicle concept. Three vehicle generations will be examined and the development advances between 1993 and 2003 will be listed by way of comparison. Improvement potential and technical limits will be analyzed from cost aspects. Since the limits of battery technology cannot be extended at will, it is necessary to develop both battery-driven electric vehicles and vehicles fitted with hybrid drive units. Based on the drive technology of purely electric-powered vehicles, concepts of range extender hybrid and fuel-cell hybrid vehicles will be presented.

In recent years, rapid and significant advances in fuel cell technology, together with advances in power electronics and control methodology, has enabled the development of high performance fuel cell powered electric vehicles. A key advance is that the low temperature (80°C) proton-exchange-membrane (PEM) fuel cell has become mature and robust enough to be used for automotive applications. Apart from the apparent advantage of lower vehicle emission, the overall fuel cell vehicle static and dynamic performance and power and energy efficiency are critically dependent on the intelligent design of the control systems and control methodologies. These include the control of: fuel cell heat and water management, fuel (hydrogen) and air (oxygen) supply and distribution, electric drive, main and auxiliary power management, and overall powertrain and vehicle systems.

This paper will first take a look at what kind of services onboard diagnostics and monitoring offer. This is done by briefly looking at both the automotive and the aviation industry. Following this, a closer look is taken at the potentials of such systems. Particular attention is given to potential benefits of onboard diagnostics and monitoring in connection with other backend systems. Again, the paper takes examples from related industries (namely aviation and truck fleet management) to generate ideas. Finally, a look is taken at the impact that the realization of the full potential of onboard diagnostics and monitoring might have on the enterprise IT infrastructure, particularly related to enterprise IT systems such as data warehouses or data marts for vehicle data.

The design of automotive electronics is a highly cooperative, distributed process between car manufactures and suppliers. Due to significant increase of quality, cost, and time to market demands, several initiatives have been founded over the last years to address the increasing demand for standardization both for automotive electronics and vehicle based software. The German MSR consortium has concentrated on design tools and information exchange between manufacturers and suppliers, whereas the OSEK/VDX consortium has concentrated on the establishment of basic software components for open system architectures. To address future demands, these activities have to be consolidated and complemented by initiatives addressing the systematic improvement of the concurrent design processes as well as the appropriate qualification of engineering personnel.

Electric and electronic architecture integration into car sub-modules now involves a large number of functions requiring many system's, component's and technologies' tradeoffs. Using supplier consortiums to challenge and gain in matters of cost reduction by integration in partnership with car makers has been suggested and described by many as the best practice for the cars of years 2000 plus. Meanwhile, just around the corner, apart from the automotive closed world is a completely new approach that may benefit to pioneer partners. This paper shows innovative cooperation areas between the automotive and civil aircraft industry in the domain of passengers entertainment systems

A new in-vehicle communication concept for CAN networks has been developed, taking into account recent findings from real-time research. The concept is characterized by three impo features: (i) Ability to guarantee the real-time performance of the network already at the design stage, thus significantly reducing the need for testing; (ii) Built-in flexibility enabling the vehicle manufacturer to upgrade the network in the pre-production phase of a project as well as in the aftermarket; (iii) Low use of available resources, thus saving cost compared to other solutions. The concept is successfully used in all larger Volvo cars from model year 1999.

Historically, the long development time required to produce a new automobile has meant that the electronics in that vehicle might lag the state-of-the-art by several years. For traditional vehicle electronics, this was certainly an appropriate delay, ensuring through extensive testing and qualification that the quality and reliability of the electronic systems met rigorous standards. However, with the growing consumer-oriented electronics content in today's vehicles, it is becoming more difficult for the automotive manufacturers to meet consumers' expectations with older technology. Couple this with the fast-paced consumer product cycle, typically nine to eighteen and the result is increasing pressure on the vehicle manufacturers from after-market electronics suppliers, who can update their product lines as fast as the component manufacturers can produce new models.

In the near future, car multimedia systems will be essential to enable emerging digital media and cater to expanding business opportunities utilizing various information contents. Since a strong demand for the standardization to be ready and beneficial for both the customers and the manufacturers exists today, an open platform is the most desirable. Clarion has co-developed an open architecture in-car multimedia system in a 1DIN form factor for installation in the dash of a vehicle. This open architecture, known as Auto PC, is powered by the Microsoft® Windows® CE 2.0 operating system. This in-car multimedia system will provide solutions for the major tasks required of next generation in-car information systems.

The digital generation today has high demand for information and intelligent systems in the vehicle. In addition, the demand is not limited to information inside the vehicle but also extends to information outside the vehicle. Traditional vehicle information systems do not address these new dimensions and are not capable of supporting such requirements. To facilitate such development, a standardized operating system that is full-featured and scaleable is needed to provide total systems integration in the vehicle and allow seamless communication with external digital information systems.

A new approach to improve the driver's safety is to actively support the driving task and prevent possibly dangerous situations. This paper is about the family of driver assistance systems which will combine three steps of information processing: Automatic collection of data by scanning the environment of the vehicle; Automatic processing of data according to the need of the driver and his driving task; Appropriate presentation of valuable information to the driver. Electronic sensor systems will enlarge the driver's knowledge about what is actually going on around his vehicle. These systems expand the human sensor systems eye and ear for the special purpose "safe driving."

In 1989, the first black face cluster was introduced as the first Lexus cluster and has been highly praised in the market. The cluster has strong advantages but could not gain a higher installation ratio in various vehicles because of the cost. DENSO Corp. has been improving the cost performance of this cluster and the installation ratio is being increased. On the other hand, multi-information displays and component integration in instrument panels will soon be introduced. Considering this, I would like to discuss the future trend of instrument clusters using the black face cluster concept with multi displays and integration capabilities.